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December 23, 2008

Does Micah say that Bethlehem is by no means least among the rulers of Judah?

Posted in: Matthew, Micah

The Gospel of Matthew opens with a genealogy of Jesus, followed by an account of his birth. To support the idea that Jesus is the Messiah, Matthew describes and quotes a prophecy that the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem:

The prophecy is taken from Micah, and Matthew’s version reads as follows:

“And you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a ruler who is to shepherd my people Israel.” [Matthew 2:6 (NRSV)]

In Micah, however, it reads slightly differently:

But you, O Bethlehem of Ephrathah, who are one of the little clans of Judah, from you shall come forth for me one who is to rule in Israel… [Micah 5:2a (NRSV)]

There are a number of small discrepancies between the prophecy in Micah and the quotation of the prophecy in Matthew. The most notable difference, though, is that Micah stresses the relative insignificance of Bethlehem (”one of the little clans”), whereas Matthew inserts a negative to turn this around and stress Bethlehem’s significance (”by no means least among the rulers of Judah”).

So does the prophecy stress Bethlehem’s insignificance or its significance?


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